| Mahatma Gandhi, India's Father of the Nation, led | | | | Gandhi led the Non-cooperation movement in |
| the country's independence movement through | | | | 1922. To protest the British-imposed salt tax, he |
| 'Satyagraha', resistance to oppression through | | | | led the 400 km Dandi Salt March in 1930, and |
| mass civil disobedience, and 'ahimsa', total | | | | later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. |
| non-violence. He has inspired movements for civil | | | | He was imprisoned for many years, on numerous |
| rights across the world. | | | | occasions, in both South Africa and India. |
| Born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, Kathiawar | | | | Gandhi, a practitioner of non-violence and truth, |
| in western Indian state of Gujarat, to | | | | advocated that others follow the principles. He |
| Karamchand Gandhi and Putlibai, he was married | | | | lived modestly and wore the traditional Indian |
| at the age of 13 to 14-year old Kasturbai | | | | dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand |
| Makhanji. He had four sons. | | | | spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, |
| Gandhi first employed non-violent civil disobedience | | | | and also undertook long fasts as means of both |
| in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's | | | | self-purification and social protest. |
| struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in | | | | Gandhi was also a prolific writer. For decades he |
| 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, | | | | edited several newspapers including Harijan in |
| and urban labourers in protesting excessive | | | | Gujarati, Hindi and English; Indian Opinion while in |
| land-tax and discrimination by the British | | | | South Africa and, Young India, in English, and |
| government. | | | | Navajivan, a Gujarati monthly. He also wrote a |
| In 1921, he assumed the leadership of the Indian | | | | few books including his autobiography, An |
| National Congress and led nationwide campaigns | | | | Autobiography or My Experiments with Truth. |
| for easing poverty, for expanding women's rights, | | | | On 30 January 1948, Gandhi was shot and killed |
| for building religious and ethnic amity, for ending | | | | on the grounds of the Birla Bhavan (Birla House) in |
| untouchability, and above all for achieving the | | | | New Delhi. |
| independence of India from foreign domination. | | | | |